Posts published in “Japan”

Positive Effect of Inbound Tourism in Japan

Positive Effect of Inbound Tourism in Japan

February 28, 2024

By Riho Bando

These days, you can find foreign tourists everywhere in Japan. They are enjoying Japanese sightseeing spots, their lunch and buying souvenirs. It makes Japanese people happy to see foreigners are in good mood. Furthermore, foreign visitors make good impacts to Japan. They affect Japanese economy, international relationships and regionalism.
        One important effect of inbound tourism in Japan is consumption by foreign tourists. Domestic consumption of Japan is decreasing because of declining birthrate and aging population. Consumption by foreign tourists supports Japanese economy. According to Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2023), foreign tourists spent over 1.3 trillion yen between July and September in 2023. 1.3 trillion is higher than the Japanese total vegetable exports to the U.S. in 2022 (Ministry of Finance, Japan, 2022).
        Next great effect of inbound tourism is international goodwill. Having experience of Japanese society and culture will improve foreigners’ image of Japan. Not only people who visited Japan, but also his/her friends and colleagues will have a good image to Japan after they hear great experiences of trip in Japan. According to a survey that is done by Dentsu between December 2022 and January 2023, the amount of population who like Japan and who had visited Japan is larger than the people who had never visited Japan. It shows that visiting Japan helps to make a good impression for Japan.
        Finally, inbound tourism gives great effect to rural areas in Japan. While for domestic tourists, Japanese rural scenery would not be interesting, for international tourists, they offer unordinary experiences. Foreigners perceive local sights as wonderful tourism resources. Yagasaki (2020) contend that after local residents receiving the evaluations, they feel more attached to their region and get civic pride. And cultivating attachment and civic pride of local residents will be a trigger to start tourism-based community development. This development leads to revitalization of the area. Tourist-friendly area will be visited by more tourists, therefore the region has chance to develop more and more. As a result, inbound tourism causes regional vitalization. In the book that is published by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Case examples of tourism development, the case of development in Nagano prefecture is shown. The snow monkey in there had gotten an attention by inbound tourists. Now, many foreign people love monkey in hot spring with snow and Nagano prefecture succeed to grow.
        To summarize, foreign tourists grow Japanese economy, enlarge better impression and revitalize rural areas. Japan must take these advantages of inbound tourism. However, as you know, you must not leave promotion of inbound tourism to the Japanese government. Think about what you can do for magnificent Japanese future.

References
Ministry of Finance, Japan. (2022). Trade statistics of Japan. Retrieved from https://jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.customs.go.jp%2Ftoukei%2Fshinbun%2Ftrade-st%2F2022%2F2022_117.pdf&data=05%7C02%7C%7C2992121ac60d47e186bc08dc1eedf0ba%7Cf11434e8abcf41f48154a9b2608dcd42%7C0%7C0%7C638419254508685372%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=b%2FwCaP4cxqn8ZG5h%2FTiPmGNEOJWAgPCabfsqhSs0iZE%3D&reserved=0
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. (2023). Survey of foreign visitors consumption in Japan. Retrieved from https://jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2F&data=05%7C02%7C%7C2992121ac60d47e186bc08dc1eedf0ba%7Cf11434e8abcf41f48154a9b2608dcd42%7C0%7C0%7C638419254508692843%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zL%2FfMO08nrvWFneWJ7rPX9OGtq%2FXvWgWU0C5Ys%2FwPQc%3D&reserved=0
kankocho/siryou/toukei/content/001634982.pdf
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. (2018). Targeting inbound visitors, rebuild and revitalization of hot spring resort using fund. Case examples of tourism development, 116-117. Retrieved from https://jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlit.go.jp%2F&data=05%7C02%7C%7C2992121ac60d47e186bc08dc1eedf0ba%7Cf11434e8abcf41f48154a9b2608dcd42%7C0%7C0%7C638419254508698375%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=cydw71tJLeOfibVSIRVizA0DxJntIiJjuMOwz3Cqvfg%3D&reserved=0
common/001237080.pdf
Web dentsu-ho. (2023). Is the driving force for resuscitate of inbound Japanese soft power? Latest need for visiting Japan and direction of promotion. Retrieved from https://jpn01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdentsu-ho.com%2Farticles%2F8759&data=05%7C02%7C%7C2992121ac60d47e186bc08dc1eedf0ba%7Cf11434e8abcf41f48154a9b2608dcd42%7C0%7C0%7C638419254508702273%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=jG95hQ3V9bUvqdJRpeaHuQRfdEtwAqdDuv6tPWNj6D4%3D&reserved=0
Yagasaki, N. (2020). Significance, trends and issues of tourism by foreign tourists visiting Japan. International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences Review, 45(1), 6-17. doi: 10.24572/iatssreview.45.1_6

Welcome to Aquas, World of Sea

Welcome to Aquas, World of Sea

February 28, 2024

By Mai Tokugawa

Aquas is an aquarium located near big Iwami seaside park in Shimane. There are many fish and other see animals. For example, penguins, jellyfishes, and sea lions. The most popular fish among them is the white dolphins. People will come to see their amazing show. They’re very smart creatures and they give us a great show. Aquas not only includes display area of fish, but also has souvenir shops and restaurants where you can eat delicious fish, so you enjoy the aquarium even more.
There are many unusual fish from around the world. Watching the dolphins swim is soothing. White dolphins entertain us with bubble rings and ball game. In Aquas, you can see the sweet waddle and gestures of four kinds of penguins up close and look at penguins swimming overhead. In the Sea of Japan zone, you can see both Tsushima Current fish and cold-water fish. You can spend a lot of time there.
You’ll want to share your memories with your friends and family. There is a big store upstairs. There are various kinds of stuffed animals on sale. Fish-patterned cookies and sweets have been commercialized. Mugs and key rings can be used in everyday life. You will be able to enjoy browsing a variety goods and may find it difficult to choose what to buy.
The restaurants smell good. You can eat a variety of fish dishes at the Restaurant Iruka. The restaurant is convenient because it is near the aquarium, a park with large playground equipment, and a souvenir shop. Marine House restaurant attracts attention to the building standing right in front of the aquarium. At the restaurant “Don-don,” you can eat ramen and rice bowl dishes. You can fill your stomach at these restaurants.
Aquas will surely excite visitors. There are many kinds of fish swimming. The white dolphin, the most watched in Aquas, is waiting for you. You will have a great day watching strange fish and eating a delicious lunch. Please try and go there. It’s very exciting. You can enjoy it absolutely.

Gender Language

Gender Language

February 28, 2024

By Yui Takeda

In the world, a lot of people think that men and women speak differently. Also, features of gender differences in language is different between Japan and other country. Then, this essay compares three expert’s essays. First essay is written about comparing Japanese and English, second is about Japanese and Chinese, the last one is about Japanese and Korean.
Kumadaki (2006) compared proverbs in Japanese and English. She said that proverbs express historical views on men and women that have been passed down from ancient times, and we can get a glimpse of what kind of stereotypes a society holds regarding gender differences. Also, the number of proverbs which is written about women is more than one’s about men. For example, they are written about women’s appearance, attitude, and so on. Besides, there are many Japanese proverbs that “evaluate or criticize women negatively,” and that there are also many that “talk about appearance and makeup.” On the other hand, there are proverbs that relate to men’s attitudes and behavior, the division of roles, and say that men are superior. However, there are extremely few proverbs in English that relate to men, and like in Japanese, many of them are targeted at women. From the above results, she said that “views of men and women” have been constructed through words since ancient times, and these ideas implicitly reflect the division of roles and values between men and women, and these ideas become fixed ideas. There is still a tendency to view things from the perspective of men and women from the past, and this can be said to have created gender differences that continue without being recognized much to this day.
Then, next one is the compering Japanese and Korean. Kim the degree of gender differences varies depending on the language, with some languages having large gender differences and others having small gender differences. Japanese is a representative language with large gender differences, and there are expressions unique to women that differ from those used by men, such as final particles, personal pronouns, beautifying words, and interjections, and there is clearly a language variant called feminine language, and the same goes for masculine words. On the other hand, Korean is said to be a language with very small linguistic gender differences. If you listen to actual utterances, you can easily distinguish between men and women because the pitch and quality of their voice are different, but if you transcribe that into text, the differences between men and women almost disappear.
The last one is the comparing Japanese and Chinese. Kawasaki (2011) said that in modern Chinese, there are no gender differences between the words in Japanese, as they are clearly visible to everyone, such as personal pronouns and final particles. However, previous research has revealed that there are still differences between men and women and age in terms of phonology, vocabulary, expressions, and oral habits. A survey of habitual phrases shows that young women tend to mumble buzzwords, the use of low-level insults that can be taken as insults, the use of English, and the frequent use of words of words surprise and admiration.
In this way, there are differences between Japanese and other languages. Especially, Japanese have more gender differences than Korean and Chinese. According to The Agency for Cultural Affairs, many languages have differences in word usage based on gender. Even in Japanese, there are vocabulary and linguistic practices that are used characteristically by each gender, we should not insist on fixed gender differences in language. However, no matter which gender they belong to, each person should use language and topics that are acceptable as self-expression and that are appropriate to the person and the situation. It is desirable to make choices and engage in rich communication.

Skipping Breakfast

September 29, 2023

Do you have breakfast? Most members of our class don’t have breakfast. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Japan (2018) said 83.5% of targets of surveys have breakfast almost every day. On the other hand, the rate of targets in 20s and 30s is only 64.3%. It shows that many young people in Japan don’t have breakfast. However, having breakfast has positive effects. For example, it is possible to focus on study and work and so on. Nevertheless, many people young people don’t have breakfast. We found three reasons for it, the need for sleep, the need to save money and having no desire to eat.
By Shoji Takeda

Young people want to sleep as long as possible. Eating breakfast takes time to prepare and to eat. Japanese people usually eat rice, miso soup, fish and salad for breakfast. It takes a long time to eat. According to IT media business online (2021), about 60% of people answered that it takes 6 to 15 minutes to eat breakfast. After preparation you need time to eat and clean up. Many 20-30 year-olds live alone. They have to clean up by themselves. Considering all the time it takes for breakfast, people need 15 to 30 minutes. Also, many young people stay up late at night. They surf the internet, play games, go to part-time jobs and study. So, young people want to use the morning’s precious time for sleep.
By Hanon Mitsumasa

Young people living alone have no money. So many of them don’t eat breakfast to save money. Young people who live alone have to budget their own money. For students, there is a limit to how much you can earn from a part-time job, and you can only earn an average of 88,000 yen per month (Yamamoto, 2023). According to the Iepura column Survey of Living Conditions (2022), the average cost of food for young people is 20% of their living expenses, and they lack funds for other necessary things. Many young people don’t eat breakfast because eating three meals a day makes other parts of their lives difficult.
By Yuki Sasaki

Another reason for 20- 30 year-olds not having breakfast is that young people don’t have the desire for breakfast. There are some basis this reason, but the most influential one is the disrupting your circadian rhythm caused by staying up late. (2023, OD improvement association) In addition, it is said that eating late at night prevents the stomach from resting so they don’t have an appetite in the morning. Moreover, young people get used to not having breakfast. It’s also the reason why young people don’t feel uncomfortable with it.
As a result of disrupting circadian rhythm and habit, young people lose their appetite and don’t eat breakfast.
By Shuto Kitayama

Many young people don’t eat breakfast in Japan. We believe there are three reasons why they don’t eat breakfast. The first is wanting more time for sleep. The second is having little money. The third is having no appetite. There are many such young people in Japan. How about in your country?
By Koshiro Abe

How to Improve English Education in Japan

How to Improve English Education in Japan

August 16, 2023

By Arisa Mishima
Japanese students study English for more than six years, but they are not fluent in speaking. What should be changed so that many Japanese people can speak English? In this essay I would like to propose three ideas: focus on the speaking skill, encouragement of making mistakes, and building more vovabulary.

     First, the Japanese English education should focus on the speaking sill. Currently, students learn a lot of skills other than speaking. In English class, students read stories in textbooks, and they learn new words and new grammar points. Reading is considered as the most important skill for the university entrance exam, so students read a lot of stories and learn reading skills. Students also write a lot of sentences and acquire writing skills. Moreover, students listen to the audio of the textbook and learn listening skills. However, there is not much time to speak English in class. Students have reading aloud and shadowing for improving their speaking skills, but they do not really talk in English to express their ideas.
     Second, students should be taught that making mistakes are good. Currently, students are told to master English grammar, so they are afraid of making mistakes. When they make mistakes in English tests, their points are deducted. When they try to speak, they try to speak correctly. Students hesitate to speak up because they think it’s embarrassing to make a mistake. It’s normal to make mistakes when they use a new language, so they should be told to communicate ideas is the most important thing.      Third, students should learn more vocabulary. Students have some listening skills, so they can understand what other people are talking about. However, they can’t put their ideas into words. One of the reasons for this is that students have a small vocabulary. If students know a lot of words, they can express their ideas no matter how simple of grammar they can use.
     In conclusion, many Japanese students can understand English, but they are not good at expressing their ideas because they don’t have enough speaking activities. Too much focus on grammar, fear of making mistakes, and lack of vocabulary are the causes of their inability to speak. If these issues are solved, Japanese people will be able to speak more English.

Ways to Solve Wild Animals Appearing in Residential Areas

Ways to Solve Wild Animals Appearing in Residential Areas

August 10, 2023

By Riho Bando
These days, as many people move to urban areas, they seek houses in the suburb. Due to this, the habitat for wild animals are destroyed to build houses. Development of wild areas negatively impact both humans and wild animal. People are afraid of meeting wild animals and animals in the city are in danger. Although this issue is serious, there are ways to protect humans and wild animals.
The issue of wild animals showing up in urban areas has gained attention over the last few years. Recently, bears, boars and monkeys often appear in residential areas. A research group in Hokkaido University say that brown bears show up in cities because they don’t have enough foods in a forest. Still, there is another issue. Animals that stepped into dangerous and noisy cities sometimes attack a human. According to the Ministry of the Environment, 81 people were injured by wild animals in Japan in 2022. You can’t be safe if a wild animal rush at you while you are talking a walk. To protect humans and animals, people should come up with solutions.

A good way to protect lives is to stop developing forests. Instead of using land more and more, the government should encourage to build taller apartments. Japan has enough technology to build tall buildings without risks.

Another way to avoid using too much land is to encourage remote working. People have gathered to cities to work and the suburb has been developed to build houses for commuters. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, it was unthinkable to live in the countryside to work. Now, however, it is possible to work online and living in their hometowns. Therefore, they should be able to live in other places that are far away from urban areas. I believe that remote working will contribute to protect nature and animals. The problem of wild animals appearing in cities is serious. People should consider how to solve the issue. Avoiding cutting off trees and encouraging online working style will solve this issue. I hope that people could live safely with wild animals in the future.

Ways to Tackle Aging Population of Rural Areas of Japan

Ways to Tackle Aging Population of Rural Areas of Japan

August 9, 2023

By Saki Tanaka
     Shimane Prefecture is one of the areas that is decreasing an aging population. The birth rate in Shimane is on the decline. Young people in Shimane tend to move to urban areas when they go to college or get a job. Those who got jobs in urban areas continue to work and live there and they do not come back to their hometowns. This trend causes the population and economic declines of Shimane. I think there are two ways to solve such problems.
     First of all, let’s think about why young people move to cities. In general, jobs in the city have higher wages and a variety of occupations, so teenagers and twenties who are going to work or go to college think that urban areas are attractive places. In addition, it is thought that smart people who have excellent skills tend to go to cities such as Tokyo. I think those people think that working in the city is better than working in the countryside because they can demonstrate their own abilities. It can’t be helped for them to go to the city once to go on to higher education or get a job, but eventually a lot of people of Shimane Prefecture want their young people to come back to Shimane Prefecture again.
     One way to prevent population outflows to urban areas is increasing wages. Companies in Shimane should try to raise wages. There are a lot of people who go to urban places to get high wages. Many people judge that if wages are low, they can’t support their children. It is important to raise wages so that everyone can have decent wages so that they can have families.

Another way is to create a good environment for raising children. In order to do that, it is necessary to enhance childcare services so that parents with children can work, and to create a place where they can go to play on weekends such as parks. Many parents are grateful to be able to receive support from a community and the company that they work for in raising children. In my hometown, Oda City in Shimane Prefecture, children during the compulsory education period, who are elementary school and junior high school students, can receive reduced medical expenses. In some cases, medical expenses may be free. So many parents will be very helped because the burden is less.
The problem of local population decline is serious. In order to prevent further problems from becoming more serious, I think these solutions should be implemented. It is important to improve the workplace environment in Shimane Prefecture. Local companies inform young people that the wages are high and encourage them to work in rural areas such as Shimane Prefecture. After young people start working in Shimane, it is required to create an environment where it is easy to raise children to build a family there. Then people who want ease of living will gather. I’m looking forward to the future in Shimane.

Kanazawa Castle

August 8, 2023

By Ryota Kawamoto

Have you ever been to Kanazawa in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan? Kanazawa is a good place for sightseeing. There are a market where you can enjoy delicious food, a downtown where you can see old-fashioned streets. If you want to experience traditional Japanese culture, Kanazawa Castle is best spot for your sightseeing. Kanazawa Castle is a great sightseeing spot.
The Castle was built 400 years ago. It is surrounded with white walls and stone walls as if it protects the headquarter from enemies. The traditional castle let you feel 400-years history. After pass through the gate, there is a lot of nature there. The park has lush green grass, and you can take a break while feeling nature everywhere. In spring, cherry blossoms bloom and the park is so beautiful. At night you can enjoy cheery blossoms lit up at night. In autumn, the park is filled with maple leaves which turn bright orange and red colors. Right next to Kanazawa Castle, there is a wonderful park, Kenrokuen. Kenrokuen is one of the three most famous gardens Japan. The spacious garden was built by the lords of Kanazawa Castle.

If you come to Japan, please visit Kanazawa. It is a great place to feel the atmosphere of traditional Japan.

Medically-Assisted Suicide for Terminal Illness

February 21, 2023

By Mai Takeshita

Today, the medical technique is getting better and more sophisticated in the world. People can live healthier and longer thanks to the developed medical care, and it is called “The 100-year time period” today. However, there are many diseases that even the medical technique today cannot treat, especially “terminal illness”. There are some arguments in the world whether patients with a terminal illness should be able to request medically-assisted suicide or not. Actually, in Japan and many countries, assisted suicide is considered illegal, even if it is “medically-assisted”. Followings are the three reasons that medically-assisted suicide should be allowed in case of patients who are in terminal-illness: physical suffering, mental and social distress, and respecting the patients’ intention.
        The first reason that medically-assisted suicide should be allowed is physical suffering of patients. According to Hoshino (1996), an emeritus professor in Kyoto University, patients are suffering from mainly four pains physically: the symptom from the disease, therapeutic drugs, surgical operation and examination, and other sufferings that are different from pain. Here is an example of physical suffering in terminal cancer. For the symptom from the disease, in case of terminal cancer, patients are struggling from the pain at their internal organs which the cancer have spread. The patients feel severe pain. For therapeutic drugs in case of cancer, the anticancer drug treatment is common. But the drugs have side effects. Hosokawa (2016), a professor in Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, explained that some of the side effects of the drug are numbness and pain. The anticancer drug damages the peripheral nerve, and those numbness and pain appear. It is called “Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.” Patients are struggling from something that is different from pain. According to Hoshino, patients are struggling from general malaise, sense of fullness in the abdomen, difficulty in breathing, etc. Patients are suffered from those unimageable pains, and patients in terminal-illness should not struggle with them anymore.
         Secondly, medically-assisted suicide should be allowed for the reason of mentally and social distress. According to Clinic C4 (Clinic for Comprehensive Convincing Cancer Care) (n.d,), there are many types of mental and social distress that patients face. For instance, economic distress, working distress, and family distress. In addition to physical sufferings, patients are strongly stressed by these distresses. For the patients who are in terminal illness, they no longer have to suffer from these stresses. They should be given a choice of medically-assisted suicide.
        Third reason that medically-assisted suicide should be allowed is respecting the patients’ intention. There was a Japanese who chose euthanasia in Swiss in 2021. SWI Swiss Info.ch closely covered him from him visiting Swiss to euthanized. He had suffered from motor neuron disease, which is very similar to ALS, from 2016. He decided to be euthanized three years ago, in 2018. He answers the doctor’s question why he chose to euthanize, “Since I cannot contribute to society anymore because of the disease, I’m now worthless. I will never depend on ventilator after I lose ability to move. I don’t want to be alive with losing human dignity.” His parents hoped to keep him alive whatever way he uses. However, he said that that idea ignores the patient’s suffering and dignity. Just before he took the drip by his own to die, he told his doctor and parents “Now, I’m going.” His mind to die was very determined. As the example shows, patients will choose medical-supported suicide with not temporary feeling, but very determined. Therefore, doctors and families should highly respect patient’s significant decision.
        Medically-supported suicide is now illegal in Japan, and families of patients who are in terminal-illness hope the patients will stay alive. However, medically-supported suicide should be allowed in case of patients who are in terminal-illness for these reasons above. Patients are suffered from physically pain, and mentally and socially stress that general people and even doctors will never experience and understand. Medically-supported suicide should be allowed as one of the choices for patients.

Drawnbacks of Free Health Care

February 21, 2023

By Natsumi Shirasaka

These days a lot of cities, towns and villages adopt free health care. Indeed, this enables people to go to hospital easily and live longer. However, this causes financial deterioration at the same time. So, I disagree that all people are entitled to free health care. There are three reasons to support my idea.
First, free health care causes higher medical costs. According to O (2015), through the launch of free healthcare for elderly, aging population has been advanced suddenly because of the increase of national standard of living, the development of medical technique, the decrease of birthrates, and so on. Including Tokyo, a lot of local governments started free health car, but when the national government also started it, a lot of elderly people started to use medical services, so national medical expenses have been increased. Medical cost for elderly have become three times higher than ever, so elderly outpatients means the increase of overall medical costs. Also, according to the Japan Medical Association (2015), through the development of the medical technology, of course it helps people’s health but on the other hand, it also costs a lot of money. For example, X-rays, which exist from before, is only 1,000 yen once, but MRI, which is used these days, costs 14,000 yen once, so the total cost is increasing. So, free health care increases the national medical expenses.
Second, free health care can cause too many consultations. According to Asahi Shinbun (2018), “Convini consultation” happens. It means that people have unnecessary medical tests and treatments at night and on holidays even when their pain is very small. Some people go to the hospital when they can treat their conditions or buy medicine at the drug store. This type of easy-going medical treatments is also paid as national tax or insurance by the nation. If the government considers people’s health, they should use money for prevention of diseases. For example, the newborn baby’s thorough examination, is preventive because it discovers diseases early. Thus, the government can cut the cost of medical treatment fundamentally.
Third, according to Asahi Shinbun (2018), free health care causes injustice. Of course, in order to keep free medical treatment, the nation must have pay and support the system. These needs increasing tax. However, the Ministry of Health, labor and Welfare’s survey on this Asahi Shinbun indicates that the working-age generations argue that it is injustice to pay tax. Many people who are more than 70 years old think that the working-age generations should pay, but many people who are 30-39 years old think that elderly people should pay more. So, free health care causes unfairness.
In conclusion, I’m not in favor of all people having free health care. It causes higher medical costs, wasting consultation, and injustice. The Japanese government has to consider what health care should be.

References
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